AGL Outage Response Runway Closure Procedure
Plan the response to an airfield lighting outage, from reporting and risk assessment to maintenance coordination, NOTAM information, post-maintenance verification and the separate step of operational reopening.
AGL Outage Response and Runway Closure
An Airfield Ground Lighting (AGL) outage can affect the availability of a runway, taxiway, approach lighting system or other movement-area facility. Depending on the affected equipment and operating conditions, the outage may require operational restrictions, suspension of specific operations, a runway closure or activation of the airport’s contingency arrangements.
An effective outage response prioritizes operational safety, timely reporting, accurate technical information, coordination between engineering and airport operations, and compliance with approved procedures.
Technical status
What has failed, what remains available, and what corrective work is required?
Operational status
Which facilities or operations remain authorized under the airport’s applicable requirements?
A maintenance team may identify the technical fault, but a technical assessment alone does not authorize a runway to remain open or return to service.
This guide provides a general framework for planned and unplanned lighting outages, risk assessment, operational coordination, NOTAM processes, maintenance, testing and restoration.
Important: This is general educational guidance, not an airport-specific runway closure or reopening procedure. The airport’s approved contingency plan, applicable DGCA requirements, current aeronautical information, authorized operational decisions and established communication channels take precedence.
Topics covered in this guide
Identify and Assess the AGL Outage
The first step is to establish what has failed and communicate the known information to the appropriate airport personnel.
An outage may involve a single light, several lights, an entire circuit, a CCR, the primary electrical supply, standby power, a control interface or a wider lighting system.
The initial report should distinguish confirmed facts from suspected causes. For example, a reported failure of several runway lights is an observation; a failed CCR is a diagnosis that requires supporting evidence.
Common types of AGL outage
| Outage type | Examples of affected equipment | Initial assessment focus |
|---|---|---|
| Individual fixture failure | Runway edge light, threshold light, taxiway light or PAPI unit | Identify the asset, location and observed condition |
| Multiple light failures | Several adjacent lights or multiple fittings on a circuit | Establish the number, distribution and circuit association of affected fittings |
| Circuit failure | Primary series cable, circuit connection or associated equipment | Identify the affected circuit and review available indications |
| CCR failure | Constant Current Regulator or associated equipment | Review alarms, operating indications and maintenance information |
| Control-system failure | ALCMS, remote control interface or communications link | Establish whether the indication concerns control, monitoring or field equipment |
| Primary supply failure | Incoming supply or distribution equipment | Assess the affected systems and available approved backup arrangements |
| Standby power failure | Generator, UPS or transfer arrangement | Verify the affected equipment and the operational implications |
| Approach lighting failure | Approach light components or associated circuits | Identify the affected runway direction and system components |
| Multiple-system outage | Several lighting systems or shared electrical infrastructure | Assess the overall extent and possible common cause |
Initial outage report
Record the following information where available:
Related Guides
Why airfield lights failAirfield Lighting Outage Risk Assessment
An outage risk assessment considers how the loss or degraded performance of a lighting system affects the intended operation.
The assessment must consider the relevant runway or taxiway, the type and extent of the failure, operating conditions and the applicable airport requirements.
Factors to consider
| Factor | Questions for the authorized assessment |
|---|---|
| Affected facility | Which runway, taxiway, approach or other area is affected? |
| Lighting function | Which specific visual aid or lighting component is unavailable or degraded? |
| Extent of failure | How many lights are affected, and where are they located? |
| Failure pattern | Are failures isolated, adjacent, distributed or associated with a common circuit? |
| Runway configuration | What operational requirements apply to the affected runway and direction? |
| Operating conditions | Are night operations or low-visibility procedures relevant? |
| Other available systems | Which other lighting or operational facilities remain available and serviceable? |
| Power availability | Are primary power, standby power and required changeover functions available? |
| Applicable criteria | What serviceability and operational restrictions are defined by the governing documents? |
| Duration | Is the fault expected to be repaired promptly, or will the outage continue? |
| Repair conditions | What access, isolation, equipment and work-zone protections are required? |
| Communication | Which authorized personnel and affected stakeholders must be notified? |
The assessment should record the applicable requirements, evidence reviewed, decision-maker, controls and any limitations or follow-up actions.
Why low-visibility operations need specific review
Low-visibility operations may depend on the availability and serviceability of particular lighting systems, runway visual range equipment, power supplies and other facilities.
The required response can differ by runway category, operational approval and airport-specific Low Visibility Procedures (LVP).
The Airports Authority of India publishes aerodrome-specific information identifying required lighting and equipment, serviceability criteria, and operational restrictions. For example, some current Indian AIP entries specify different criteria for different runway lighting elements and require LVP to be suspended under defined conditions.
See the AAI Aeronautical Information Publication .
Record the decision and its basis
Who Decides Whether a Runway Must Close?
A runway closure or operational restriction must follow the airport’s approved operational decision-making process.
Maintenance personnel are responsible for reporting technical conditions accurately, supporting the investigation and carrying out authorized work. They must not independently decide that a runway is operationally acceptable merely because a technical repair appears possible.
Depending on the airport’s organizational arrangements, operational decisions and associated notifications may involve the designated airport operations authority, air traffic services, engineering personnel and other authorized stakeholders.
General division of responsibilities
| Activity | General responsibility |
|---|---|
| Identify and report the fault | Person or team detecting the defect |
| Provide technical assessment | Authorized AGL engineering or maintenance personnel |
| Assess operational implications | Relevant authorized airport operational personnel |
| Apply operational restrictions or closure | Designated authority under the approved airport procedures |
| Coordinate maintenance access | Responsible airport operations and work-authorization functions |
| Carry out repair and testing | Authorized technical personnel |
| Process aeronautical information | Personnel authorized under the applicable NOTAM process |
| Verify technical completion | Designated engineering or inspection authority |
| Authorize operational restoration | Authorized authority under the airport’s return-to-service procedure |
Airport Lighting Outage Response Procedure
The following framework can support the preparation of an airport-specific outage response procedure. It must be adapted, reviewed and approved before operational use.
Phase 1 — Detection and Reporting
An outage may be detected through:
Record the observed condition, time, affected asset and any available supporting information.
Phase 2 — Immediate Notification
Report the condition through the airport’s approved operational and engineering communication channels.
Provide the known facts, identify any uncertainty and follow instructions from the authorized personnel. Do not wait for a full root-cause investigation before reporting a potentially significant operational issue.
Where required, the designated operational authority will determine the interim restrictions, notifications or contingency measures.
Phase 3 — Operational Assessment
Authorized personnel assess the available technical information against the applicable operational criteria.
The assessment should establish which systems are affected, whether required serviceability criteria remain satisfied, and what restrictions or suspension of operations may be necessary.
Record the decision and the authority responsible for it.
Phase 4 — Maintenance Planning and Authorization
Once the permitted work scope and operational arrangements are established, the maintenance team should:
Work must stay within the authorized scope. Any material change requires reassessment and the relevant authorization.
Phase 5 — Fault Investigation and Repair
Authorized personnel investigate the fault under the approved maintenance and testing procedures.
The investigation may involve inspection of the affected fixture, connectors, cables, transformer, CCR, control interface or associated power equipment, depending on the evidence.
Record observations, test results and the confirmed cause where established. Do not present an unverified suspected cause as a proven finding.
Phase 6 — Verification and Handover
After the corrective work, complete the required inspections, tests and functional checks.
Record the results, any remaining defects, the technical completion status and required approvals. Notify the designated authority through the approved process.
Technical completion is not, by itself, operational authorization to use the affected runway or facility.
Phase 7 — Operational Restoration
The authorized authority assesses the required information and follows the airport’s formal restoration process.
This may involve confirmation of technical serviceability, closure of relevant restrictions, updates to aeronautical information and communication to affected airport personnel. The exact steps depend on the airport’s approved procedure and the outage involved.
Airport Lighting Outage Contingency Plan
An airport should have documented arrangements defining the response to an AGL failure, including who reports it, who assesses it, how operational decisions are made, how maintenance is authorized and how restoration is confirmed.
Recommended contingency plan contents
| Section | Information to include |
|---|---|
| Purpose and scope | Lighting systems and outage events covered |
| Reporting | Fault-reporting channels, required information and escalation route |
| Responsibility matrix | Technical, operational, safety and information-management responsibilities |
| Initial assessment | Required information, risk-assessment process and decision authority |
| Operational restrictions | Reference to applicable procedures and criteria |
| Communication | Contact arrangements, updates and acknowledgement requirements |
| Maintenance authorization | Work permits, access, isolation and work-zone arrangements |
| Backup power | Approved response to supply, generator, UPS or transfer failures |
| Technical investigation | Applicable procedures, tools, tests and records |
| NOTAM and information updates | Authorized originators, workflow and verification requirements |
| Return to service | Required tests, approvals, handback and operational authorization |
| Incident documentation | Time line, findings, decisions, corrective actions and closure |
| Post-incident review | Root cause, recurrence prevention and procedure improvements |
Backup power and changeover failures
The loss of primary power may affect several AGL systems. Conversely, a failure of the standby supply or changeover function can create a separate operational concern even if the normal supply remains available.
The contingency plan should identify the systems supported by backup power, the required performance criteria, the responsible personnel and the response to failure of the backup arrangement.
Related Guides
AGL emergency backup powerNOTAM and Aeronautical Information Management
Aeronautical information must accurately reflect relevant changes in the availability of aerodrome facilities.
The Airports Authority of India lists interruption or return to operation of major components of aerodrome lighting systems among the information promulgated by NOTAM. See the official AAI explanation of information promulgated by NOTAM .
When a NOTAM process may be required
Depending on the applicable aeronautical information requirements and the nature of the change, the process may involve information about:
Responsibilities for NOTAM actions
The maintenance team should promptly provide accurate technical information through the airport’s designated process. The responsible authorized personnel determine whether a NOTAM or other formal aeronautical information action is required and ensure that the applicable process is followed.
A NOTAM should not be issued, extended, amended or cancelled solely on the basis of an informal maintenance message. Equally, completing a technical repair does not automatically remove a published restriction.
For comparison, the FAA’s official guidance on lighting-aid NOTAMs describes the reporting of specific runway and taxiway lighting systems. That guidance applies within its US framework and should not be substituted for Indian requirements.
Information consistency
The outage record, maintenance status, operational communication and aeronautical information should be consistent. Before concluding the information-management part of an outage, verify that:
Related Guides
NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen)Planned Runway Closure for AGL Maintenance
Planned maintenance may require an approved work window, temporary lighting unavailability or a formal runway closure.
Planning should begin early enough to coordinate engineering work, airport operations, required permits, access arrangements and any applicable aeronautical information.
Pre-closure planning checklist
Scope & design
Operational coordination
Safety & work authorization
Resources & verification
During planned maintenance
The team should remain within the authorized work area and scope. Maintain communication with the responsible airport authority and keep the work status current. If the work scope changes, a new defect is discovered or the work cannot be completed as planned, record the condition and follow the applicable reassessment and notification process. Do not extend the outage or alter the operational status independently.
If work cannot be completed within the approved window
Notify the designated authority before the authorized work period expires, or as soon as the situation becomes apparent. The subsequent decision, such as further restriction, extension of the maintenance window or another approved arrangement, must follow the airport’s procedures. Update work records, operational information and any necessary aeronautical information through the authorized process.
Related Guides
Airport lighting maintenance scheduleUnplanned Runway Lighting Failure
An unexpected failure during operations requires prompt communication and an assessment based on the actual condition and applicable operational requirements.
The initial response should focus on reporting and containment through authorized channels rather than attempting an immediate repair without coordination.
Unplanned outage checklist
Report & assess
Repair & restore
AGL Operational Checks Following Corrective Maintenance
Before a technical restoration can be accepted, the required inspections and tests must be completed under the applicable approved procedure.
The test scope should reflect the actual work performed and the affected equipment. A single successful test may not cover all relevant failure modes or establish that the entire system is serviceable.
Possible verification activities
| Verification area | Example of relevant evidence |
|---|---|
| Repaired fixture | Inspection record and required functional check |
| Circuit condition | Applicable electrical or circuit test records |
| CCR | Required status, alarm and functional-check results |
| Control and monitoring | Required command, indication and interface checks |
| Backup power | Required verification of the affected supply or changeover functions |
| Lighting performance | Required visual or photometric assessment, where specified |
| Installation | Confirmation against approved drawings and equipment requirements |
| Defect closure | Record of the identified cause, corrective action and verification |
| Documentation | Updated work order, equipment record and controlled drawing, where required |
Acceptance criteria
Testing must use the specified method and acceptance criteria for the equipment and work performed. Avoid using generic test values or assumptions about how much of a lighting circuit must be operational.
For runways intended for low-visibility operations, verify the airport-specific serviceability requirements and operational restrictions. A lighting arrangement that supports one operating condition does not necessarily support a more demanding one.
Record the test results
Return-to-Service and Runway Reopening
Technical restoration and operational reopening are separate decisions and should be documented accordingly.
Technical restoration
Establishes that the required maintenance has been completed and the equipment has passed the prescribed inspections and tests.
Operational restoration
Establishes that the responsible airport authority has completed the required process to remove applicable restrictions or authorize use of the affected facility.
Return-to-service checklist
Technical completion
Records & authorization
Who authorizes reopening?
The decision follows the airport’s authorized operational procedure. Maintenance personnel provide evidence of technical completion and identify any remaining limitations, but must not independently declare a runway reopened unless that authority has explicitly been assigned under the governing procedure.
AGL Outage Communication and Reporting
Clear communication reduces ambiguity during an outage, especially when several airport departments are involved.
The report should separate the observed condition, suspected cause, confirmed diagnosis, operational decision, corrective work and current status.
Suggested outage status categories
Use the airport’s approved terminology. If a reporting framework is being developed, it may be helpful to distinguish between:
| Status concept | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Reported | A failure or abnormal condition has been raised |
| Under assessment | The extent and operational implications are being established |
| Confirmed outage | The applicable serviceability criteria identify an outage |
| Maintenance authorized | Required work permission and safeguards are in place |
| Under repair | Authorized corrective work is in progress |
| Technical verification pending | Repair is complete but required checks or records remain outstanding |
| Technical acceptance recorded | Required maintenance verification has been completed |
| Operational restoration pending | Further authorized operational or information-management steps remain |
| Closed | Required technical, operational and documentation steps have been completed |
AGL Outage Report Template
The following template can be adapted for an outage management system, incident record or maintenance work order.
A. Outage identification
| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Outage reference | |
| Airport / location | |
| Date and time detected | |
| Reported by | |
| Affected facility | |
| Affected lighting system | |
| Asset / circuit / CCR identification | |
| Reported symptom | |
| Extent of failure | |
| Available ALCMS / CCR indications |
B. Initial assessment and notification
| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Known facts | |
| Suspected cause, if any | |
| Operational authority notified | |
| Engineering / maintenance contact notified | |
| Time of notification | |
| Applicable procedure or requirement | |
| Authorized operational decision | |
| Restriction / closure reference, if applicable | |
| Required aeronautical information action |
C. Maintenance and verification
| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Work order / permit reference | |
| Authorized work scope | |
| Isolation reference, where applicable | |
| Investigation findings | |
| Confirmed cause, if established | |
| Corrective action | |
| Test / inspection references | |
| Actual results and acceptance criteria | |
| Outstanding defects | |
| Technical reviewer / acceptance |
D. Restoration and closure
| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Technical completion date and time | |
| Technical status communicated to | |
| Required information update reference | |
| Operational restoration authority | |
| Operational restoration date and time | |
| Incident / work order closure | |
| Follow-up action | |
| Prepared by / reviewed by |
Post-Incident Review and Reliability Improvement
Once the outage has been resolved, review the event to identify opportunities to reduce recurrence and improve the response process.
The review should consider the time line, technical cause where established, operational effects, communications, availability of spare parts, maintenance response and adequacy of the contingency arrangements.
Questions for the post-incident review
Reliability indicators
An airport or maintenance organization may track indicators such as:
Related Guides
Why airfield lights failExplore the AGL Engineering Knowledge Hub
Fundamentals
Standards & Compliance
Runway, Taxiway & Approach Lighting
Surface Movement & Safety
PAPI
Electrical Engineering & Power
Photometry & Testing
Maintenance, Inspection & Safety
Resources, Documentation & Careers
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1What should happen when an AGL circuit fails?
Report the fault through the approved airport process, identify the affected system and review available technical information. Authorized personnel assess the operational implications, establish any required restrictions and coordinate the approved repair and restoration process.
Q2Who decides whether a runway must close?
The decision follows the airport’s authorized operational procedures and applicable requirements. Engineering personnel provide the technical assessment, while the designated authority makes the operational decision under the established arrangements.
Q3Does every AGL outage require a runway closure?
Not every outage has the same operational consequence. The response depends on the failed lighting function, the extent and location of the failure, runway category, operating conditions and applicable serviceability requirements. The authorized assessment determines the required action.
Q4Can a runway remain open if some runway lights have failed?
That decision cannot be made from a generic percentage or a general article. It depends on the applicable requirements, current operating conditions, the affected lighting elements and the airport’s authorized procedure.
Q5When is a NOTAM required for a lighting outage?
The requirement depends on the applicable aeronautical information rules and the nature of the outage or operational change. The authorized personnel must determine, prepare and process the required information through the established channel.
Q6Who should cancel or update a NOTAM after repair?
The process must be handled by the authorized personnel under the applicable aeronautical information procedure. A maintenance message or completed work order does not automatically cancel a published restriction.
Q7What checks are needed after AGL maintenance?
Complete the inspections, tests and functional checks required by the approved procedure for the affected equipment and work. Record results against the specified acceptance criteria and address any outstanding defects before submitting the required restoration information.
Q8Can the maintenance engineer reopen the runway after a successful test?
Only where that authority has explicitly been assigned under the airport’s governing procedures. In general, technical verification and operational reopening are separate steps.
Q9Why are airport-specific outage criteria important?
Different lighting elements and operational conditions have different requirements. Indian AIP entries demonstrate that serviceability criteria and restrictions can vary by aerodrome, runway category and low-visibility procedure. Always use the applicable current information for the airport concerned.
Q10Why is an airfield lighting risk assessment needed after an outage?
An airfield lighting risk assessment judges how a lighting failure affects aircraft operations: which lights are lost, what visibility and approach category apply, and what mitigation is possible. It informs whether operations continue with restrictions or the runway must close. It should be carried out by the responsible airport staff against the airport's own procedures.
Q11What does airfield lighting risk management involve?
Airfield lighting risk management means identifying lighting failure scenarios, assessing their effect on operations, setting controls such as redundancy, spares and response procedures, and reviewing results after incidents. It supports the contingency plan and keeps outage decisions consistent rather than improvised.
Q12When is a runway closure for lighting maintenance required?
A runway closure for lighting maintenance is planned when work cannot be done safely while aircraft use the runway, for example excavation or circuit work in the movement area. The closure is coordinated with air traffic control and airport operations, published by NOTAM where required, and the runway is reopened only after checks are complete.
Q13What are airfield lighting operational checks after repair?
Airfield lighting operational checks confirm that repaired circuits work as intended before the runway returns to service. They typically cover control from the normal and backup positions, brightness steps, circuit current and a visual check for outages. The airport's return-to-service procedure sets the exact content and who signs off.
Q14What is airport movement area safety during lighting work?
Airport movement area safety during lighting work means controlling access to runways, taxiways and aprons so people, vehicles and aircraft do not conflict. It relies on air traffic control clearance, work permits, escorts, marked work zones and communication discipline. Follow the airport's own rules for the movement area.
Q15What is an airport lighting failure contingency plan?
An airport lighting failure contingency plan sets out in advance what to do when lights fail: who to inform, how to assess operational effect, which backup supplies or portable lights may be used, and what notices to issue. Airport lighting failure contingency arrangements should be tested and reviewed after real events.
Related AGL Resources
Explore these related technical pages.
AGL Emergency Backup Power
Standby power, backup arrangements and reliability considerations.
Open guideAGL Project Documentation Guide
Test reports, controlled drawings and handover documentation.
Open guideFinal Note
An airfield lighting outage requires coordinated technical and operational management. Accurate reporting, a documented risk assessment, authorized decisions, controlled maintenance, prescribed testing and formal restoration help ensure that a fault is managed without confusing technical completion with operational availability.
Use this guide as an educational framework for developing an airport-specific procedure. All actual decisions about runway closure, operational restrictions, NOTAM actions and reopening must follow the applicable airport procedures and authorized decision-making process.
Official reference resources
1. Airports Authority of India — Information promulgated by NOTAM — includes interruption or return to operation of major components of aerodrome lighting systems.
2. AAI Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) — current aerodrome-specific facilities, procedures and relevant lighting serviceability information; check the applicable current publication and amendments.
3. FAA — Lighting Aid and Obstruction NOTAMs — reference for US lighting-aid NOTAM processes; not a substitute for Indian aeronautical information requirements.
Explore More AGL Engineering Resources
Engineering & Expert Notes
Assess Impact Before Deciding the Response
AssessmentIdentify which lights are affected, the runway in use and the visibility conditions. The impact decides urgency and who must be informed.
Know the Decision Chain in Advance
AuthorityDefine who can decide on restrictions or closure and how to contact them. Searching for names during an outage costs time.
Issue Accurate Information Quickly
NOTAMClear information about what is unavailable helps pilots and controllers. Update it when the situation changes.
Prepare Spares and Procedures for Likely Failures
PreparednessReview past outages and make sure the parts, access and procedures for common failures are ready.
Verify Before Returning to Service
Return to ServiceConfirm function and, where required, photometric performance before the facility is declared available.
Review Every Event Afterwards
LearningHold a short review to capture causes and improvements. Close actions so the same outage does not recur.
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