What is a ferroresonant CCR?

A constant current regulator that holds the loop current with a saturating transformer and a resonant capacitor — regulation built into the magnetics, not fired by thyristors.

FERRORESONANT CCR · REGULATION IN THE TRANSFORMER a saturating core and a resonant capacitor hold the current as the supply varies SUPPLY IN SHUNT FLUX FOLLOWS SUPPLY SATURATED: HELD STEP SELECTOR FERRORESONANT TRANSFORMER SERIES LOOP INTENSITY STEP 1INTENSITY STEP 2INTENSITY STEP 3 CONSTANT CURRENT 1 2 3 4 5 1 PRIMARY WINDING takes the supply from the tap in use 2 MAGNETIC SHUNT leakage path that limits and steadies the current 3 SECONDARY WINDING feeds the series loop 4 RESONANT CAPACITOR tunes the secondary so the core saturates 5 STEP SELECTOR switches taps or capacitors for each intensity step SOUND FERRORESONANT CCR HOLDS THE SET CURRENT Passive regulation, few parts to fail, tolerant of supply changes POOR FERRORESONANT CCR DRIFTING OR OVERHEATING Aged capacitor or bad tap: wrong current, heat, extra noise SCHEMATIC · NOT TO SCALE · FOLLOW THE CCR MANUFACTURER’S MANUAL
primary and selector
secondary and output
core and shunt
constant current
flux that follows the supply (motion)
flux held by saturation (motion)
The Fact CCR technology

A ferroresonant CCR uses a ferroresonant transformer: a transformer whose core partly saturates and is tuned by a resonant capacitor. A magnetic shunt in the core limits and steadies the current, so the output stays close to the set value when the supply voltage varies. The regulation is passive, built into the magnetics rather than fired by a thyristor and control board as in a thyristor CCR.

Intensity steps are made by switching taps or capacitors with contactors. The design is robust and has few electronic parts, but it is heavy and bulky, its step currents are fixed by the taps or capacitors, the output waveform may not be a clean sine unless it is filtered, the output can be sensitive to supply frequency on a generator supply, and an ageing capacitor or a worn contactor changes the current. Use a true-RMS meter, never open a live series circuit, and discharge the capacitors before working inside the unit.

  1. Supply. The supply feeds the primary winding through the tap or step chosen.
  2. Saturate. The secondary section of the core partly saturates, tuned by the resonant capacitor.
  3. Limit. The magnetic shunt and saturation hold the output current near the set value as the supply varies.
  4. Deliver. The secondary feeds the series loop with the set current.
  5. Select. The step selector switches taps or capacitors to give each intensity step.
  6. Check. Measure the current on each step with a true-RMS meter and log it against the baseline.
Regulation Passive, from core saturation and a tuned capacitor; no thyristor firing
Parts Primary and secondary windings, magnetic shunt, resonant capacitor, step selector with contactors
Intensity steps Set by switching taps or capacitors, as the design provides
Strengths Few electronic parts, robust, tolerant of supply variation
Weak point Ageing capacitors, worn contactors, heat, weight, fixed step currents
Reference IEC 61822 · FAA AC 150/5345-10 · ICAO Doc 9157 Pt 5
Schematic — simplified and not to scale. Core arrangement, capacitor connection, step method and ratings differ by manufacturer; follow the CCR manual, the design and your site’s isolation and permit-to-work procedure. Ferroresonant units are mostly met as older installed equipment; new CCRs are generally thyristor or IGBT designs.
Entry 13 · CCR contactors and bypass Entry 15 · IGBT CCR

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1What is a ferroresonant CCR?

A constant current regulator that holds the series-circuit current with a ferroresonant transformer: a transformer whose core partly saturates and is tuned by a capacitor. The regulation is passive, so the output current stays nearly constant as the supply voltage varies, without thyristors or a control board in the power path.

Q2How is it different from a thyristor CCR?

A thyristor CCR measures the output current and fires thyristors at a chosen angle to correct it. A ferroresonant CCR gets its regulation from the magnetic design of the transformer and its capacitor. It has fewer electronic parts, but it is heavier and bulkier and gives less fine adjustment of each step current.

Q3What does the resonant capacitor do?

It is connected to the secondary side and tuned with the winding so the core saturates in a controlled way. That saturation is what holds the output steady against supply changes. If the capacitor ages or fails, the regulation is lost.

Q4How are the intensity steps set?

Typically by switching taps or capacitors with contactors, so each brightness step gives a different set current. The exact method varies by design, so check the manufacturer's manual.

Q5What should be checked on a ferroresonant CCR?

The capacitors for swelling, leakage or reduced value, the contactors and tap connections for wear and tightness, the transformer for heat and abnormal noise, and the output current on each step with a true-RMS meter, compared with the commissioning baseline.

Q6What are the main safety points?

Never open a live series circuit, since the CCR tries to hold the set current and the voltage across the break can rise to a dangerous level. Isolate and lock out the supply, prove it dead, and discharge the capacitors before working inside the unit.

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