Division 24 of 25 · Failure Database

Corrective Action, Preventive Action & Lessons Learned

The improvement and knowledge-transfer division of the AGL Failure Database. Divisions 01–20 establish what failed, Division 21 establishes why, Division 22 establishes how serious it was, and Division 23 establishes the reliability trend it creates. Division 24 closes the loop: what was done about it, how recurrence is prevented, and what was learned — the closed-loop improvement system that turns individual failures into organizational engineering knowledge.

27 / 27
Topics Published
CAPA-01 → 27
Failure ID Range
3 Groups
Corrective · Preventive · Lessons Learned
Rev 0
Initial Issue

Key principle — Do not close a failure merely because the equipment has been repaired. Close it only when the required corrective action has been verified, recurrence risk has been addressed, and the knowledge gained has been captured for future maintenance, design, procurement, testing and projects. Corrective guides, preventive guides and lessons-learned reports become controlled outputs of this division rather than standalone documents.

Division 24 · Corrective Action, Preventive Action & Lessons Learned Topics

27 of 27 topics published
A
Corrective Action
8 topics
CAPA-01 Immediate Corrective Action
Definition

The action taken immediately after failure detection to control the situation, restore required functionality or reduce immediate risk.

Examples
  • Isolating failed equipment
  • Replacing a failed fixture
  • Restoring a circuit
  • Temporary component replacement
  • Removing damaged equipment from service
  • Making the affected area safe
Required Record
  • Failure ID
  • Action taken
  • Date/time
  • Person/team
  • Equipment affected
  • Operational status after action
  • Temporary/permanent status
Important

Immediate corrective action does not necessarily eliminate the root cause.

CAPA-02 Temporary Corrective Action
Definition

A short-term action used to restore or maintain functionality until a permanent solution can be implemented.

Examples
  • Temporary replacement
  • Temporary bypass where technically and operationally permitted
  • Temporary equipment substitution
  • Temporary sealing/protection
  • Temporary operational arrangement
Database Requirement
  • Temporary-action description
  • Reason
  • Risk/limitation
  • Responsible person
  • Permanent-action requirement
  • Target completion date
  • Status
Critical Principle

Temporary restoration must not automatically be treated as failure closure.

CAPA-03 Permanent Corrective Action
Definition

The action that addresses the established failure mechanism/root cause and restores the equipment/system to the required condition.

Examples
  • Permanent component replacement
  • Design correction
  • Cable replacement
  • Connector replacement
  • Corrective wiring
  • Permanent sealing improvement
  • Equipment modification
Link

Division 21 Root Cause → Division 24 Permanent Corrective Action. The permanent action should be demonstrably related to the identified cause.

CAPA-04 Component Replacement
Definition

Replacement of a failed or degraded component.

Record
  • Failed component
  • Part number
  • Manufacturer
  • Serial/batch number where applicable
  • Replacement component
  • Replacement date
  • Reason for replacement
  • Compatibility confirmation
  • Test result after replacement
Examples
  • LED driver
  • LED module
  • Connector
  • Isolation transformer
  • Cable section
  • CCR component
  • PAPI component
Reliability Benefit

Component replacement records can later feed Division 23 — Component Reliability Analysis.

CAPA-05 Equipment Repair
Definition

Repair of failed equipment rather than complete replacement.

Examples
  • CCR repair
  • Fixture repair
  • Sign repair
  • Control-panel repair
  • PAPI equipment repair
Required Information
  • Failure
  • Repair performed
  • Parts used
  • Test performed
  • Technician
  • Repair duration
  • Return-to-service status
CAPA-06 System Restoration
Definition

Restoration of the complete affected AGL function/system after failure — broader than replacing one component.

Example Chain

CCR failure

CIRCUIT UNAVAILABLECCR REPAIREDCIRCUIT ENERGISEDFIXTURES CHECKEDINTENSITY VERIFIEDCONTROL VERIFIEDRETURNED TO SERVICE
System Restoration Should Include
  • Equipment restoration
  • Circuit restoration
  • Control restoration
  • Functional verification
  • Operational confirmation
CAPA-07 Retesting
Definition

Testing performed after corrective action to confirm that the repaired/restored system meets the applicable requirements.

Possible Tests
  • Insulation resistance
  • Continuity
  • Earth resistance
  • Transformer testing
  • CCR testing
  • Functional testing
  • Photometric testing
  • PAPI alignment/performance testing
  • Sign testing
  • Cable testing
  • Connector testing
  • ALCMS/control integration testing
Link

Corrective Action → Retesting → Verification. Retesting should be recorded rather than simply marking a repair as completed.

CAPA-08 Failure Closure
Definition

Formal closure of the failure after corrective action and required verification have been completed.

Recommended Closure Conditions

A failure should normally not be closed until:

  • Corrective action completed
  • Required testing completed
  • Equipment restored
  • Root cause addressed or appropriately dispositioned
  • Required documentation updated
  • Operational status confirmed
  • Corrective-action effectiveness established where required
Suggested Statuses
OPENUNDER ACTIONREPAIREDRETESTINGMONITORINGCLOSED
B
Preventive Action
10 topics
CAPA-09 Preventive-Maintenance Modification
Definition

Modification of preventive-maintenance tasks based on failure evidence.

Examples
  • Add inspection item
  • Add cleaning requirement
  • Add connector inspection
  • Add thermal inspection
  • Add insulation testing
  • Add periodic component replacement
  • Add condition monitoring
Trigger

Repeated or significant failures identified through Divisions 21–23.

CAPA-10 Inspection-Frequency Modification
Definition

Changing inspection frequency based on demonstrated failure behaviour or risk.

Example

Recurring connector failures:

EXISTING: ANNUAL INSPECTIONREVISED: INCREASED FREQUENCY
Important

Frequency changes should be supported by:

  • Failure trend
  • Criticality
  • Environmental exposure
  • Reliability evidence
CAPA-11 Design Modification
Definition

Modification of the design to eliminate or reduce a recurring failure mechanism.

Examples
  • Improved drainage
  • Improved thermal management
  • Improved cable routing
  • Improved equipment protection
  • Improved mounting
  • Improved sealing
  • Improved electrical protection
Link
RCADESIGN WEAKNESSDESIGN MODIFICATIONVERIFICATION

This is one of the most valuable outputs of the Failure Database.

CAPA-12 Installation Improvement
Definition

Modification of installation practices or installation requirements to prevent recurrence.

Examples
  • Revised connector installation
  • Improved cable routing
  • Improved sealing
  • Revised torque requirements
  • Improved alignment procedure
  • Improved earthing/bonding
  • Improved base-can installation
Deliverables

Potentially update:

  • Installation SOP
  • Installation checklist
  • Inspection checklist
  • Drawing
  • Method statement
  • Training material
CAPA-13 Component Improvement
Definition

Improvement or substitution of an unreliable component based on reliability evidence.

Examples
  • Improved LED driver
  • Improved connector
  • Improved seal
  • Improved transformer
  • Improved cable
  • Improved sensor
Decision Should Consider
  • Failure rate
  • MTBF
  • Repeat failures
  • Environmental performance
  • Supplier performance
  • Lifecycle cost
Link

This creates a direct link with Division 19 → Division 23 → Division 24.

CAPA-14 Training Improvement
Definition

Modification of training or competency requirements based on identified human or procedural failure patterns.

Examples
  • Additional connector training
  • CCR troubleshooting training
  • PAPI alignment training
  • Photometry training
  • Testing training
  • LOTO training
  • Installation workmanship training
Trigger

Repeated failures associated with:

  • Human factors
  • Installation errors
  • Maintenance errors
  • Testing errors
CAPA-15 SOP Improvement
Definition

Revision or creation of procedures to prevent recurrence.

Examples
  • New maintenance procedure
  • Revised inspection checklist
  • Revised testing procedure
  • Revised troubleshooting guide
  • New installation instruction
  • Revised emergency procedure
Important

The database should record:

OLD REVISIONNEW REVISIONREASON FOR CHANGEEFFECTIVE DATE
CAPA-16 Testing Improvement
Definition

Modification of testing requirements to improve failure detection or verify corrective action.

Examples
  • Additional insulation testing
  • Additional functional testing
  • Additional photometric testing
  • Improved CCR testing
  • Additional connector testing
  • Additional commissioning verification
Purpose

Some failures occur because the original testing regime did not detect the developing condition.

CAPA-17 Environmental Protection Improvement
Definition

Improvement of equipment protection against environmental conditions identified as failure contributors.

Examples
  • Improved moisture protection
  • Improved drainage
  • Improved sealing
  • Corrosion protection
  • Lightning protection
  • Dust/sand protection
  • UV protection
  • Thermal protection
Link
DIV. 09 ENVIRONMENTALDIV. 21 RCADIV. 24 PREVENTIVE ACTION
CAPA-18 Spare-Parts Strategy Improvement
Definition

Modification of spare-parts planning based on actual failure and consumption data.

Examples
  • Increase stock of recurring failure components
  • Establish critical spares
  • Add emergency spares
  • Remove obsolete components
  • Establish approved alternatives
  • Improve lead-time planning
  • Maintain strategic stock for critical equipment
Important

Spare strategy should consider both failure frequency and criticality. A rarely failing component may still require strategic stock if its failure is safety-critical and has a long procurement lead time.

C
Lessons Learned
9 topics
CAPA-19 Failure Lesson
Definition

The general lesson learned from the failure.

Example

Repeated moisture-related failures indicate that visual inspection alone may not be sufficient to identify developing sealing problems.

Note

The lesson should be specific enough to influence future engineering or maintenance decisions.

CAPA-20 Installation Lesson
Definition

A lesson concerning installation workmanship, installation sequence, equipment positioning or installation requirements.

Examples
  • Importance of correct connector installation
  • Importance of correct sealing
  • Importance of correct torque
  • Importance of correct alignment
  • Importance of cable routing
CAPA-21 Testing Lesson
Definition

A lesson learned from testing or commissioning.

Examples
  • A particular failure mode was not detected by the existing test
  • Additional verification is required
  • Test-equipment capability needs improvement
  • Acceptance criteria require clarification
CAPA-22 Maintenance Lesson
Definition

A lesson related to inspection, troubleshooting, repair or preventive maintenance.

Examples
  • Recurring failure required a different troubleshooting approach
  • Replacement alone did not eliminate the root cause
  • Post-maintenance testing was essential
  • Recurring defects need escalation
CAPA-23 Design Lesson
Definition

A lesson that should influence future AGL design.

Examples
  • Improve drainage
  • Improve maintainability
  • Improve thermal management
  • Improve protection
  • Improve accessibility
  • Avoid known failure-prone arrangements
Major Value

Design lessons should be fed into future project design reviews and technical specifications.

CAPA-24 Manufacturing Lesson
Definition

A lesson concerning product manufacturing, assembly, quality or production controls.

Examples
  • Batch-specific failure identified
  • Internal assembly weakness discovered
  • Manufacturing process issue identified
  • Supplier corrective action required
CAPA-25 Reliability Lesson
Definition

A lesson that improves the organisation's understanding of long-term equipment reliability.

Examples
  • Certain components show higher failure rates
  • A particular environmental condition accelerates failure
  • A specific product has poor repeat-failure performance
  • Preventive replacement may be more effective than repeated repair
Link

This should feed directly into Division 23.

CAPA-26 Safety Lesson
Definition

A lesson concerning aviation safety, electrical safety, operational safety or safety-critical system behaviour.

Examples
  • Critical lighting degradation can develop before complete outage
  • Latent failures require dedicated testing
  • Certain failures require immediate operational coordination
  • Safety-critical equipment requires enhanced verification
Note

Safety lessons should receive high visibility in the knowledge-management system.

CAPA-27 Future-Project Recommendation
Definition

A recommendation that should be incorporated into future AGL projects, specifications, procurement, installation, commissioning or maintenance.

Examples
  • Change equipment specification
  • Change component selection
  • Add FAT requirement
  • Add SAT requirement
  • Add additional photometric testing
  • Change installation detail
  • Change cable/connector specification
  • Add environmental protection
  • Change spare-parts requirement
  • Add supplier quality requirement
Significance

This is where the Failure Database becomes a future-project engineering knowledge base.

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Division-Wide Requirements

Standard CAPA record structure, corrective-vs-preventive distinction, effectiveness verification, workflow and knowledge-loop that apply across all 27 Division 24 topics.

A. Corrective/Preventive Action Record (CAPA)

Every significant failure should carry a dedicated CAPA-style record with the following fields:

Identification

  • Failure ID
  • RCA ID
  • Asset ID
  • Airport
  • Location
  • Failure mode
  • Severity
  • Criticality

Corrective Action

  • Immediate action
  • Temporary action
  • Permanent action
  • Component replacement
  • Equipment repair
  • System restoration
  • Retesting
  • Closure status

Preventive Action

  • PM modification
  • Inspection-frequency modification
  • Design modification
  • Installation improvement
  • Component improvement
  • Training improvement
  • SOP improvement
  • Testing improvement
  • Environmental protection improvement
  • Spare-parts improvement

Lessons Learned

  • Failure lesson
  • Installation lesson
  • Testing lesson
  • Maintenance lesson
  • Design lesson
  • Manufacturing lesson
  • Reliability lesson
  • Safety lesson
  • Future-project recommendation

Verification

  • Responsible person
  • Target date
  • Completion date
  • Effectiveness verification
  • Recurrence monitoring
  • Final approval
  • Closure date

B. Corrective Action vs. Preventive Action

This distinction should be maintained carefully.

Corrective Action

Fix the existing failure/problem.

Failed connector → replace connector → test circuit → restore service.

Preventive Action

Prevent the same or similar failure from recurring.

Repeated connector failures → identify moisture/sealing problem → revise installation/sealing procedure → modify inspection → train personnel → monitor recurrence.

A repair is not automatically a preventive action.

C. Effectiveness Verification

One of the most important controls in Division 24. After corrective/preventive action, ask:

  • Was the action implemented? Yes / No
  • Was the root cause addressed? Yes / No / Partially
  • Was the equipment tested? Yes / No
  • Did the failure recur? Yes / No
  • Did the failure rate improve? Yes / No / Not yet enough data
  • Did the same failure occur elsewhere? Yes / No
  • Is further action required? Yes / No

D. Division 24 Master Workflow

FAILURE OCCURS IMMEDIATE CORRECTIVE ACTION TEMPORARY RESTORATION IF NEEDED RCA (DIV. 21) SEVERITY/CRITICALITY (DIV. 22) RELIABILITY/TREND (DIV. 23) PERMANENT CORRECTIVE ACTION RETESTING SYSTEM RESTORATION CORRECTIVE-ACTION VERIFICATION PREVENTIVE ACTION LESSONS LEARNED SOP/DESIGN/TRAINING/PRODUCT UPDATE FUTURE-PROJECT RECOMMENDATION RECURRENCE MONITORING FAILURE CLOSURE

E. Failure → Lesson → Knowledge Loop

The most powerful feature of Division 24:

FAILURE RCA CORRECTIVE ACTION PREVENTIVE ACTION VERIFICATION LESSON LEARNED SOP/DESIGN/PRODUCT/TRAINING UPDATE FUTURE PROJECT REQUIREMENT RECURRENCE REDUCTION

This is how the database evolves from a failure register into an AGL engineering knowledge system.

F. Connection with Previous Divisions

  • 01–20 — What failed?
  • 21 (RCA) — Why did it fail?
  • 22 (Severity & Criticality) — How serious was it?
  • 23 (Reliability & Trend) — Is it recurring, and how is reliability changing?
  • 24 (CAPA & Lessons Learned) — What did we do, how do we prevent recurrence, and what did we learn?

Feedback Loop

DIV. 24 LESSONS DIV. 03 DESIGN DIV. 08 INSTALLATION DIV. 17 TESTING & COMM. DIV. 18 MAINTENANCE DIV. 19 PRODUCT RELIABILITY DIV. 20 EMERGING TECH. DIV. 23 RELIABILITY TREND DIV. 24 AGAIN

Most Important Principle for Division 24

Do not close a failure merely because the equipment has been repaired. Close it only when the required corrective action has been verified, recurrence risk has been addressed, and the knowledge gained has been captured for future maintenance, design, procurement, testing and projects. This makes Division 24 the continuous-improvement and organizational-learning layer of the AGL Failure Database, while the source-supported deliverables — corrective guides, preventive guides and lessons-learned reports — become controlled outputs of the database rather than standalone documents.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers about corrective action, preventive action and lessons learned, as covered in Division 24 of the AGL Failure Database.

Q1What is Division 24 — Corrective Action, Preventive Action & Lessons Learned in the AGL Failure Database?

Division 24 is the closed-loop improvement system of the database. It contains 27 published topics (CAPA-01 to CAPA-27) covering corrective action, preventive action and lessons learned.

Q2How are the 27 CAPA topics grouped?

They fall into three groups: Corrective Action (8 topics), Preventive Action (10) and Lessons Learned (9).

Q3What corrective actions does Division 24 cover?

Immediate, temporary and permanent corrective action, component replacement, equipment repair, system restoration, retesting and failure closure.

Q4What preventive actions and lessons does Division 24 cover?

Preventive actions include preventive-maintenance and inspection-frequency modification, design modification, installation, component, training, SOP and testing improvement, environmental protection improvement and spare-parts strategy improvement. Lessons cover failure, installation, testing, maintenance, design, manufacturing, reliability and safety lessons, plus future-project recommendations.

Q5What is the difference between corrective action and preventive action?

Corrective action fixes the existing failure, for example replacing a failed connector, testing the circuit and restoring service. Preventive action prevents the same or similar failure recurring, for example finding a moisture or sealing problem behind repeated connector failures, revising the installation procedure, modifying inspection, training personnel and monitoring recurrence. A repair is not automatically a preventive action.

Q6How is the effectiveness of an action verified?

After action is taken, the record asks whether it was implemented, whether the root cause was addressed, whether the equipment was tested, whether the failure recurred, whether the failure rate improved, whether the same failure occurred elsewhere and whether further action is required.

Q7When should a failure be closed?

A failure should not be closed merely because the equipment has been repaired. It should be closed only when the required corrective action has been verified, recurrence risk has been addressed and the knowledge gained has been captured for future maintenance, design, procurement, testing and projects.

Q8What is the CAPA master workflow?

The failure occurs, followed by immediate corrective action, temporary restoration if needed, RCA (Division 21), severity and criticality (Division 22) and reliability trend (Division 23). Permanent corrective action, retesting, system restoration and verification follow, then preventive action, lessons learned, SOP, design, training or product updates, future-project recommendations, recurrence monitoring and failure closure.

Beyond the CAPA Form

DON’T JUST CLOSE THE ACTION. MAKE SURE IT WORKS.

A corrective action closes a report — but a genuinely effective one addresses the actual root cause and prevents recurrence — real competence means understanding the system well enough to verify the fix, not just document that one was applied.

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Failure Symptoms System Understanding Investigation Root Cause Corrective Action Verification Recurrence Prevention

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