Division 06 of 25 · Failure Database

Mechanical & Structural Failures

The dedicated mechanical, mounting, civil-interface and structural failure section of the AGL Failure Database. Covers base-can corrosion, frangible coupling failure, loose mounting, foundation settlement, water accumulation, hardware corrosion, structural damage and the full diagnostic hierarchy built around them — always separating the physical mechanical failure from its cause and from its operational consequence.

20 / 20
Topics Published
MSF-01 → 20
Failure ID Range
4 Groups
Base-Can & Mounting · Foundation & Civil · Structural & Alignment · Impact & Fatigue
Rev 0
Initial Issue

Key principle — Separate the physical mechanical failure from its cause and from its operational consequence. For example: vehicle impact → mounting damage → fixture misalignment → incorrect light aiming → operational/photometric impact. A tilted or misaligned fixture is usually a condition or symptom, not the root cause itself.

Core categories — Base-can corrosion, frangible coupling failure, loose mounting, foundation settlement, water accumulation, hardware corrosion and structural damage are the source framework's core mechanical/structural categories. The remaining thirteen topics expand these into a complete diagnostic hierarchy for field investigation, RCA and reliability trending.

Division 06 · Mechanical & Structural Failure Topics

20 of 20 topics published
A
Base-Can & Mounting Failures
5 topics
MSF-01 Base-Can Corrosion
Failure Definition

Corrosion or deterioration of the base can affecting its structural integrity, mounting interface or serviceability.

Possible Causes
  • Water accumulation
  • Moisture exposure
  • Environmental corrosion
  • Poor drainage
  • Damaged protective coating
  • Long-term ageing
Symptoms
  • Rust/corrosion
  • Reduced structural integrity
  • Damaged mounting threads
  • Difficulty removing/installing fixture
  • Fixture instability
Investigation
  • Base-can body
  • Mounting interface
  • Bolts/threads
  • Drainage condition
  • Water/moisture evidence
  • Surrounding civil condition
Failure Chain
POOR DRAINAGEWATER ACCUMULATIONBASE-CAN CORROSIONMOUNTING DETERIORATIONFIXTURE MOVEMENT
MSF-02 Base-Can Deformation
Failure Definition

Physical deformation of the base can that affects fixture mounting, alignment, cable routing or structural integrity.

Possible Causes
  • Vehicle impact
  • Mechanical impact
  • Excessive loading
  • Construction activity
  • Installation damage
  • Foundation movement
Symptoms
  • Fixture cannot sit correctly
  • Fixture tilt
  • Misalignment
  • Uneven mounting
  • Damaged cable interface
Investigation

Check the base-can geometry against the intended installation condition.

MSF-03 Frangible-Coupling Failure
Failure Definition

Failure or damage of the frangible coupling associated with an AGL fixture/support arrangement.

Failure Modes
  • Broken coupling
  • Damaged coupling
  • Incorrect assembly
  • Excessive mechanical stress
  • Impact-related failure
Possible Causes
  • Vehicle impact
  • Mechanical impact
  • Incorrect installation
  • Material/component deterioration
Investigation

Record coupling condition, fixture condition, mounting condition, impact evidence and replacement history.

Important Principle

A frangible coupling failure should be investigated separately from the fixture itself.

MSF-04 Loose Mounting
Failure Definition

Fixture or associated equipment is not securely mounted.

Possible Causes
  • Loose bolts
  • Improper tightening
  • Hardware deterioration
  • Vibration
  • Mounting damage
  • Foundation movement
Symptoms
  • Fixture movement
  • Tilt
  • Misalignment
  • Vibration
  • Incorrect optical orientation
Failure Chain
LOOSE MOUNTINGFIXTURE MOVEMENTFIXTURE MISALIGNMENTINCORRECT PHOTOMETRIC ORIENTATION
MSF-05 Fixture Movement
Failure Definition

Unintended movement of an installed AGL fixture from its intended position or orientation.

Possible Causes
  • Loose mounting
  • Foundation settlement
  • Mechanical impact
  • Hardware failure
  • Structural damage
  • Vibration
Symptoms
  • Changed fixture orientation
  • Tilt
  • Misalignment
  • Photometric deviation
Investigation

Record the fixture's original/intended position and current condition.

B
Foundation & Civil Failures
6 topics
MSF-06 Foundation Settlement
Failure Definition

Movement or sinking of the fixture foundation/base arrangement relative to its intended position.

Possible Causes
  • Poor compaction
  • Ground movement
  • Drainage problems
  • Soil condition
  • Construction deficiency
  • Long-term settlement
Symptoms
  • Fixture tilt
  • Fixture movement
  • Base-can deformation
  • Alignment deviation
  • Local pavement/civil distress
Investigation

Inspect both the fixture/base-can and the surrounding foundation/civil interface.

MSF-07 Foundation Cracking
Failure Definition

Cracking or deterioration of the supporting foundation/civil structure.

Possible Causes
  • Settlement
  • Mechanical stress
  • Construction defect
  • Ground movement
  • Environmental effects
  • Repeated loading
Consequences
  • Fixture instability
  • Water penetration
  • Base-can movement
  • Alignment change
  • Structural deterioration
Evidence

Photograph and record crack location, crack extent, associated settlement, water condition and fixture movement.

MSF-08 Water Accumulation
Failure Definition

Persistent accumulation of water around or within the AGL installation area.

Possible Locations
  • Base can
  • Fixture mounting area
  • Foundation
  • Cable interface
  • Drainage area
Possible Causes
  • Poor drainage
  • Blocked drainage path
  • Incorrect grading
  • Damaged civil interface
  • Water ingress
Consequences
  • Corrosion
  • Moisture ingress
  • Base-can deterioration
  • Connector/cable problems
  • Foundation deterioration
Failure Chain
DRAINAGE FAILUREWATER ACCUMULATIONCORROSION/MOISTUREMECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL DETERIORATION
MSF-09 Hardware Corrosion
Failure Definition

Corrosion affecting bolts, nuts, washers, mounting hardware or other metallic mechanical components.

Possible Causes
  • Water/moisture
  • Environmental exposure
  • Poor material/protection
  • Ageing
  • Chemical contamination
Symptoms
  • Rust
  • Seized hardware
  • Reduced mechanical strength
  • Difficult maintenance
  • Loose mounting
Investigation

Check the complete mounting hardware set rather than only the visibly damaged item.

MSF-10 Bolt Failure
Failure Definition

Failure, breakage, deformation or loss of required integrity of a mounting bolt.

Failure Modes
  • Broken bolt
  • Loose bolt
  • Corroded bolt
  • Deformed bolt
  • Thread damage
  • Incorrect bolt
Possible Causes
  • Corrosion
  • Excessive mechanical load
  • Incorrect installation
  • Over-tightening
  • Under-tightening
  • Impact
  • Fatigue
Consequences
  • Loose mounting
  • Fixture movement
  • Fixture tilt
  • Structural instability
MSF-11 Nut/Washer Failure
Failure Definition

Failure of the nut, washer or associated fastening arrangement.

Failure Modes
  • Missing hardware
  • Damaged threads
  • Corrosion
  • Deformation
  • Loosening
  • Incorrect hardware
Possible Consequences
  • Reduced clamping force
  • Fixture movement
  • Mounting instability
  • Misalignment
Investigation

Verify the complete fastening arrangement, not just the nut/washer itself.

C
Structural & Alignment Failures
6 topics
MSF-12 Structural Damage
Failure Definition

Damage affecting the structural integrity of an AGL support, base, mounting arrangement or associated structure.

Possible Causes
  • Vehicle impact
  • Mechanical impact
  • Construction activity
  • Corrosion
  • Fatigue
  • Excessive loading
Symptoms
  • Cracking
  • Deformation
  • Broken components
  • Fixture instability
  • Structural movement
Investigation

Determine what was damaged → how it was damaged → why it was vulnerable → what operational effect resulted.

MSF-13 Fixture Tilt
Failure Definition

Fixture is no longer positioned at its intended physical orientation.

Possible Causes
  • Foundation settlement
  • Loose mounting
  • Base-can deformation
  • Mechanical impact
  • Hardware failure
  • Structural movement
Consequences
  • Incorrect beam orientation
  • Photometric deviation
  • Reduced lighting effectiveness
  • Non-uniform illumination
Important Relationship

Fixture tilt is usually a condition/symptom. The underlying cause may be foundation settlement, loose mounting, impact or hardware failure.

MSF-14 Fixture Misalignment
Failure Definition

Fixture is not aligned with its required installation reference/orientation.

Possible Causes
  • Fixture movement
  • Tilt
  • Loose mounting
  • Base-can deformation
  • Foundation settlement
  • Mechanical impact
Consequences
  • Incorrect light distribution
  • Photometric non-compliance
  • Reduced coverage
  • Incorrect aiming
Investigation

Verify alignment against the applicable installation/aiming reference and record the measured deviation where applicable.

MSF-15 Mounting Damage
Failure Definition

Physical damage to the mounting arrangement supporting the fixture.

Possible Causes
  • Impact
  • Improper installation
  • Excessive mechanical stress
  • Corrosion
  • Hardware failure
  • Maintenance damage
Possible Consequences
  • Fixture movement
  • Fixture tilt
  • Misalignment
  • Structural instability
Investigation
  • Mounting surface
  • Fasteners
  • Base
  • Fixture interface
  • Frangible components
  • Surrounding structure
MSF-16 Civil-Interface Failure
Failure Definition

Failure at the interface between the AGL installation and the surrounding civil infrastructure.

Possible Areas
  • Base/foundation interface
  • Pavement interface
  • Drainage interface
  • Mounting surface
  • Civil finishing around the fixture
Possible Causes
  • Poor construction
  • Settlement
  • Cracking
  • Drainage problems
  • Incorrect levels
  • Mechanical damage
Consequences
  • Fixture instability
  • Water accumulation
  • Base-can deterioration
  • Misalignment
Important Principle

This category should connect the AGL engineering failure database with the civil-maintenance/inspection database.

MSF-17 Drainage Failure
Failure Definition

Failure of the installation's intended drainage arrangement to prevent persistent water accumulation.

Possible Causes
  • Blocked drainage
  • Poor grading
  • Incorrect civil design
  • Settlement
  • Damaged drainage path
  • Inadequate drainage provision
Consequences
DRAINAGE FAILUREWATER ACCUMULATIONCORROSIONSTRUCTURAL DETERIORATIONFIXTURE/BASE FAILURE
Investigation
  • Drainage path
  • Water accumulation
  • Base-can condition
  • Surrounding pavement
  • Foundation condition
  • Recent civil works
D
Impact & Fatigue Failures
3 topics
MSF-18 Mechanical Impact
Failure Definition

Damage resulting from a mechanical impact that does not necessarily involve a vehicle.

Possible Causes
  • Maintenance activity
  • Equipment movement
  • Construction
  • Tool/plant impact
  • Accidental contact
Possible Consequences
  • Fixture damage
  • Base-can deformation
  • Mounting damage
  • Fixture misalignment
  • Frangible coupling damage
Investigation
  • Location
  • Physical damage
  • Likely impact source
  • Date/time if known
  • Photographic evidence
  • Operational consequence
MSF-19 Vehicle-Impact Damage
Failure Definition

Mechanical damage resulting from vehicle contact with an AGL installation.

Potentially Affected Components
  • Fixture
  • Frangible coupling
  • Base can
  • Mounting hardware
  • Foundation
  • Cable/connector
  • Surrounding pavement
Investigation

Perform a complete impact damage assessment, not just a fixture replacement. Check fixture, frangible component, base can, mounting, foundation, cable, connector, alignment and surrounding civil works.

Important Principle

A vehicle-impact event may create multiple simultaneous failure categories across Divisions 04, 05 and 06.

MSF-20 Structural Fatigue
Failure Definition

Progressive structural deterioration caused by repeated mechanical loading/cyclic stress.

Possible Symptoms
  • Cracking
  • Progressive deformation
  • Fastener loosening
  • Component fracture
  • Increasing movement
Possible Contributing Factors
  • Repeated loading
  • Vibration
  • Mechanical cycling
  • Material condition
  • Structural design
  • Environmental deterioration
Investigation
  • Failure history
  • Structural condition
  • Repeated-load exposure
  • Previous repairs
  • Component age
  • Similar failures elsewhere
Reliability Significance

Repeated fatigue failures may indicate a systemic design/material/component issue, rather than isolated maintenance failure.

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Division-Wide Requirements

Standard record structure, classification, failure-chain relationships, RCA linkage, evidence layer and severity scheme that apply across all 20 Division 06 failure topics.

A. Recommended Division 06 Failure Record

Every mechanical/structural failure should capture the following fields:

  • Failure ID
  • Airport/Project
  • Location
  • Fixture ID
  • Base-Can ID
  • Foundation ID
  • Associated Civil Element
  • Installation Date
  • Failure Date
  • Failure Category
  • Failure Mode
  • Symptoms
  • Physical Condition
  • Operational Impact
  • Initial Observation
  • Base-Can Condition
  • Mounting Condition
  • Frangible Component Condition
  • Hardware Condition
  • Foundation Condition
  • Drainage Condition
  • Alignment Condition
  • Impact Evidence
  • Photographs
  • Measurement Records
  • Alignment Records
  • Civil Inspection Records
  • Previous Repair History
  • Immediate Cause
  • Failure Mechanism
  • Root Cause
  • Contributing Factors
  • Repair/Replacement
  • Hardware Replacement
  • Civil Repair
  • Alignment Correction
  • Post-Repair Inspection
  • Photometric Verification Where Required
  • Previous Occurrence
  • Repeat Failure
  • Severity
  • Downtime
  • Preventive Action
  • Lessons Learned

B. Failure Event → Mode → Mechanism → Root Cause

Several Division 06 categories are conditions or consequences rather than root causes. The database keeps these separated:

Example 1

Failure event: Fixture outage/photometric issue

Failure mode: Fixture misalignment

Failure mechanism: Fixture movement

Root cause: Loose mounting

Example 2

Failure event: Base deterioration

Failure mode: Base-can corrosion

Failure mechanism: Persistent moisture

Root cause: Drainage failure

Example 3

Failure event: Fixture damaged

Failure mode: Structural damage

Failure mechanism: Mechanical impact

Root cause: Vehicle impact

Example 4

Failure event: Fixture movement

Failure mode: Loose mounting

Failure mechanism: Reduced clamping force

Root cause: Hardware corrosion / improper installation

C. Mechanical Failure Chains

Chain 1 — Drainage

DRAINAGE FAILURE WATER ACCUMULATION BASE-CAN/HARDWARE CORROSION MOUNTING DETERIORATION LOOSE MOUNTING FIXTURE MOVEMENT FIXTURE MISALIGNMENT

Chain 2 — Foundation

FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT BASE-CAN MOVEMENT FIXTURE TILT FIXTURE MISALIGNMENT PHOTOMETRIC DEVIATION

Chain 3 — Impact

VEHICLE IMPACT STRUCTURAL DAMAGE BASE-CAN DEFORMATION MOUNTING DAMAGE FIXTURE MOVEMENT FIXTURE MISALIGNMENT OPERATIONAL/PHOTOMETRIC IMPACT

Chain 4 — Hardware

HARDWARE CORROSION BOLT/NUT/WASHER DETERIORATION REDUCED CLAMPING FORCE LOOSE MOUNTING FIXTURE MOVEMENT MISALIGNMENT

D. RCA Connection

Division 06 links every failure to the Root Cause Analysis Database. The most relevant RCA categories for mechanical/structural failures are:

MechanicalCivil/StructuralEnvironmentalCorrosionInstallationMaintenanceDesignMaterialFatigue/Cyclic LoadingImpact/ExternalDrainageHuman/Procedural

E. Failure Severity

Every failure receives a severity classification, plus operational-impact tagging:

Critical / Safety-Critical — immediate operational or safety risk

Major / Operationally Critical — significant availability impact

Moderate — reduced performance, not yet critical

Minor / Non-Critical — limited or no operational effect

Degradation / Intermittent / Latent — developing or hidden fault

F. Evidence Layer

Visual evidence

  • Base-can, mounting, foundation, frangible coupling photographs
  • Corrosion, cracking, deformation, water accumulation
  • Impact damage, hardware condition, civil-interface condition

Technical evidence

  • Alignment/tilt measurements, foundation levels
  • Drainage assessment, previous repair history
  • Photometric verification where applicable

Investigation Discipline

Division 06 records should determine what was damaged, how it was damaged, why it was vulnerable and what operational effect resulted — always keeping the physical mechanical failure, its cause and its operational consequence in separate, linked fields rather than one collapsed entry.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers about mechanical, mounting, civil-interface and structural failures, as covered in Division 06 of the AGL Failure Database.

Q1What is Division 06 — Mechanical & Structural Failures in the AGL Failure Database?

Division 06 covers mechanical, mounting, civil-interface and structural failures affecting AGL installations. It contains 20 published topics (MSF-01 to MSF-20), including base-can corrosion, frangible coupling failure, loose mounting, foundation settlement, water accumulation, hardware corrosion and structural damage.

Q2Which mechanical and structural failures does Division 06 cover?

Base-can corrosion, base-can deformation, frangible-coupling failure, loose mounting, fixture movement, foundation settlement, foundation cracking, water accumulation, hardware corrosion, bolt failure, nut/washer failure, structural damage, fixture tilt, fixture misalignment, mounting damage, civil-interface failure, drainage failure, mechanical impact, vehicle-impact damage and structural fatigue.

Q3How are the 20 mechanical topics grouped?

They fall into four groups: Base-Can & Mounting Failures (5 topics), Foundation & Civil Failures (6), Structural & Alignment Failures (6) and Impact & Fatigue Failures (3).

Q4Why are some Division 06 categories not root causes?

Several categories are conditions or consequences rather than root causes, so the database separates failure event, failure mode, failure mechanism and root cause. For example, a fixture outage or photometric issue (event) may be fixture misalignment (mode) caused by fixture movement (mechanism), with loose mounting as the root cause. Similarly, base-can corrosion caused by persistent moisture may have drainage failure as its root cause.

Q5What mechanical failure chains does Division 06 capture?

In the drainage chain, drainage failure leads to water accumulation, base-can and hardware corrosion, mounting deterioration, loose mounting, fixture movement and fixture misalignment. In the foundation chain, settlement leads to base-can movement, fixture tilt, misalignment and photometric deviation. In the impact chain, vehicle impact leads to structural damage, base-can deformation, mounting damage and fixture movement.

Q6What should be recorded for a mechanical or structural failure?

Each record should capture identification (failure ID, location, fixture ID, base-can ID, foundation ID, associated civil element, installation and failure dates), failure category, mode and symptoms, and the physical condition of the base can, mounting, frangible component, hardware, foundation, drainage and alignment. Impact evidence, photographs and repair history are also recorded.

Q7What evidence supports a mechanical failure record?

Visual evidence includes photographs of the base can, mounting, foundation and frangible coupling, and of corrosion, cracking, deformation, water accumulation, impact damage and hardware and civil-interface condition. Technical evidence includes alignment and tilt measurements, foundation levels, drainage assessment, previous repair history and photometric verification where applicable.

Q8What investigation discipline applies to Division 06?

Records should determine what was damaged, how it was damaged, why it was vulnerable and what operational effect resulted. The physical mechanical failure, its cause and its operational consequence are kept in separate, linked fields rather than one collapsed entry.

Q9How are failure severity and operational impact classified?

Every failure receives a severity classification, plus operational-impact tagging. The classes are Critical / Safety-Critical (immediate operational or safety risk), Major / Operationally Critical (significant availability impact), Moderate (reduced performance, not yet critical), Minor / Non-Critical (limited or no operational effect), and Degradation / Intermittent / Latent (a developing or hidden fault).

Beyond the Broken Part

DON’T JUST REPLACE THE PART. UNDERSTAND THE LOAD IT FAILED UNDER.

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