Elevated Stop Bar Fixture
A raised stop bar light fixture mounted on a frangible pole or base plate above the pavement surface, providing a highly visible red stop indication at runway holding positions. The elevated design offers excellent visibility from a distance and is ideal for grass or soft shoulders where inset fixtures are not practical, while the frangible coupling ensures aircraft safety on impact.
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What Is It?
An Elevated Stop Bar Fixture is a raised stop bar light fixture mounted on a frangible pole or base plate above the pavement surface, providing a highly visible red stop indication at runway holding positions. The elevated design offers excellent visibility from a distance and is ideal for grass or soft shoulders where inset fixtures are not practical, while the frangible coupling ensures aircraft safety on impact. These fixtures are typically installed in a row across the taxiway at the runway holding position, creating a continuous line of red lights that forms a clear visual stop barrier, visible to pilots from a significant distance.
Purpose & Function
The elevated stop bar fixture's purpose is the same hard stop-and-hold function performed by any stop bar, but delivered at locations where an inset fixture isn't a practical option — grass or soft shoulders where flush mounting can't be achieved — while still forming the same continuous, high-visibility red barrier that tells a pilot unambiguously not to proceed past a runway holding position. Because a stop bar's entire safety function depends on it being unmistakably visible from a distance, its elevated position and frangible mounting let it deliver that visibility in exactly the ground conditions where a flush fixture would either be impossible to install correctly or prone to drainage and load-bearing problems, without compromising the breakaway safety behaviour required this close to an active runway.
Where Is It Used?
Elevated stop bar fixtures are installed at runway holding positions on taxiways where elevated mounting is preferred or required. They are used on:
- Grass or soft shoulder taxiways where inset fixtures are not practical
- Precision approach runways (CAT II and III) where high visibility is required
- Busy airports with high traffic volumes where clear visual cues are essential
- Runway holding positions at the intersection of taxiways and runways
- Low visibility operations where enhanced visibility is critical
- Military airfields requiring robust and highly visible fixtures
Installation & Location
Fixtures are set out in a row across the full taxiway width at the runway holding position, on a line perpendicular to the taxiway centreline, spaced to match the airport's stop bar lighting scheme so the completed row forms a single, unbroken red barrier. Each unit mounts on a frangible pole or base plate set into the shoulder or grass strip alongside the paved surface, with the pole height and frangible coupling matched to the same breakaway standards used for other elevated AGL fixtures at that location. Power and control cabling for the row is fed from the stop bar's own switchable circuit, kept independent from the general taxiway edge lighting so the bar can be illuminated or extinguished under direct ATC or ALCMS control without affecting other taxiway lighting. Where the row sits close to an active runway, mounting positions and pole heights are checked against the runway's obstacle-limitation surfaces to confirm the elevated fixtures don't themselves become an obstruction.
How Does It Work?
Elevated stop bar fixtures operate as an integral part of the runway safety system with a raised, highly visible design:
- Power: Powered from the constant current series circuit via an isolating transformer buried near the fixture (typically 45W – 65W).
- Light Source: Utilizes red LED arrays or red-filtered halogen lamps. The red colour provides a clear stop indication that is universally recognized by pilots.
- Beam Pattern: Projects a uni-directional beam pattern towards approaching aircraft, ensuring the red light is visible only to pilots facing the stop bar.
- Mounting: Mounted on a frangible pole or base plate approximately 300-500mm above ground level, with a breakaway design to minimize aircraft damage on impact.
- Control: Controlled by the ATC or ALCMS via the stop bar control module, with illumination indicating that the runway is occupied and it is unsafe to proceed.
System Architecture & Control Logic
Elevated stop bar fixtures are controlled as a single switched row rather than as individual lights. ATC or the ALCMS commands the stop bar on or off through a dedicated stop bar control module, which switches the row's circuit as one segment — on interlocked installations, this module also enforces that the stop bar cannot be lit at the same moment the taxiway centreline lights leading through the holding position are energised, so the two indications can never contradict each other.
Because the row is switched as a unit, a fault is reported at the level of the stop bar circuit rather than pinned to one fixture in the row without further testing — the same loop-level fault logic used elsewhere in AGL series circuits.
ATC/ALCMS → Stop Bar Control Module → Switched Circuit → Isolating Transformer → Fixture Row
Stop Bar Control Logic
ATC / ALCMS
Issues the runway occupancy command
Stop Bar Control Module
Switches the series circuit for this stop bar
Isolating Transformer
Delivers current to the elevated fixture (45–65W)
Physical Construction
The fixture body is a die-cast aluminium alloy housing, machined and anodised or powder-coated to resist de-icing fluid, fuel spillage, and UV exposure over its exposed life. The red lens or filter is fitted over the light source and gasket-sealed to the housing with an O-ring or silicone seal, giving an IP66/IP67-rated enclosure against moisture and dust. The fixture bolts to a frangible coupling — a fitting engineered to shear cleanly on aircraft impact — which in turn seats on a base can set into the ground alongside the taxiway; the raised height and mounting geometry are chosen so the row of fixtures reads as a continuous line to an approaching pilot without presenting a hazard to aircraft or ground vehicles. Internal wiring terminates at L-823-style connectors that mate to the secondary leads of a nearby isolating transformer, with stainless-steel fasteners used throughout and a drainage provision in the base can to keep water from pooling around the transformer and cable entries.
Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Light Source | Red LED array or 45W – 65W halogen with red filter |
| Colour | Red (uni-directional, towards approaching aircraft) |
| Mounting Height | 300 – 500 mm above ground |
| Luminous Intensity | 200 – 2,000 candela (depending on setting) |
| Intensity Steps | 5-step (2.8A – 6.6A) CCR controlled |
| Beam Pattern | Uni-directional (towards approaching aircraft) |
| Configuration | Row of lights across taxiway at holding position |
| Frangible Coupling | Shear force 250 – 450 kg (breakaway design) |
| Isolating Transformer | 45W – 65W (6.6A series circuit) |
| Protection Class | IP66 / IP67 (elevated, gasket-sealed — not hermetically sealed) |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +55°C |
| Fixture Diameter | 150 – 200 mm (typical) |
| Pole Material | Aluminium or fibreglass (frangible) |
Electrical Requirements
| Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Supply Circuit | 6.6A constant‑current series loop (CCR‑fed), individual isolating transformer per fixture |
| Isolating Transformer Rating | 45–65W, matched to fixture wattage and the loop's current step |
| Secondary Voltage | Low voltage, isolated from the primary loop, matched to lamp/LED module requirement |
| Insulation Resistance | ≥ 50 MΩ at 500 VDC (base‑to‑ground and primary‑to‑secondary) |
| Dielectric Withstand | 2,000 VAC minimum, primary‑to‑secondary and to ground |
| Grounding / Bonding | Frangible pole/base and isolating transformer case bonded to the earth grid |
| Circuit Protection | Provided upstream by the CCR; no field fuse fitted within the fixture |
| Cable Entry | Sealed gland rated to the fixture's IP66/IP67 protection class |
| Control Interface | Relay/step‑switching compatible with the stop bar control logic supplying it |
Photometric Requirements
| Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Main Beam Intensity | ≥ 2,000 cd (red), unidirectional toward approaching traffic, per ICAO Annex 14 / IEC TS 61827 |
| Intensity Steps | 5-step: 100% / 30% / 10% / 3% / 1% of rated peak intensity |
| Vertical Beam Spread | Main beam 2°–10° above horizontal (peak ~3°–4°) |
| Horizontal Beam Spread | ± 5° either side of the stop bar line, facing the holding aircraft/vehicle |
| Isocandela Distribution | Per ICAO Annex 14 Attachment A / FAA AC 150/5345-46 elevated stop bar figures |
| Chromaticity (Red) | Within ICAO Annex 14 red boundary (CIE coordinates) |
| Elevated-Mount Visibility | Beam geometry sized to remain conspicuous from the elevated mounting height against ground-level background lighting |
| Test Method | Mobile photometric van/goniophotometer or fixed test bench per fixture |
Applicable Standards
ICAO Annex 14
Elevated stop bar fixture requirements and installation standards
FAA AC 150/5345-46
Specification for elevated stop bar fixtures
IEC/TS 61827
Characteristics of inset and elevated luminaires used on aerodromes and heliports (photometric & electrical performance)
IES LM-79 / LM-80
LED stop bar fixture electrical/photometric performance and lumen-maintenance durability testing
Installation Requirements
Row Setting-Out
CivilSet out the fixture row perpendicular to the taxiway centreline at the holding position, spaced to match the airport's stop bar lighting scheme so the completed row forms a single, unbroken red barrier.
Obstacle-Limitation Surface Check
CivilCheck mounting positions and pole heights against the runway's obstacle-limitation surfaces where the row sits close to an active runway, confirming the elevated fixtures don't themselves become an obstruction.
Frangible Pole & Base Can Fixing
MechanicalSet each frangible pole or base plate into the shoulder or grass strip, matching the coupling to the same breakaway standards used for other elevated AGL fixtures at that location.
Switchable Circuit Wiring
ElectricalFeed power and control cabling for the row from the stop bar's own switchable circuit, kept independent from the general taxiway edge lighting so ATC or ALCMS can illuminate or extinguish the bar without affecting other taxiway lighting.
L-823 Connector Termination
ElectricalTerminate and seal L-823-style connectors between fixture internal wiring and the isolating transformer's secondary leads before backfill.
Drainage Provision
CivilConfirm the base can's drainage provision is in place so water cannot pool around the transformer and cable entries.
Pre-Energisation Sign-off
DocumentationRecord row position, pole heights, cable route, and connector seals as-built before backfill or final fixing.
Testing & Commissioning
Insulation Resistance (Megger) Test
Pre-EnergisationMegger-test the isolating transformer and series loop before the circuit is energised, confirming insulation resistance clears the acceptable minimum ahead of backfill.
Loop Continuity & Resistance Test
Pre-EnergisationVerify series loop continuity end to end and record total loop resistance, ruling out open circuits or high-resistance splices before first energisation.
Red Signal Verification
EnergisationConfirm the fixture illuminates the correct red aspect in both directions and responds to selective switching from the control system.
Fixture Alignment & Aim Verification
Final AcceptanceCheck elevation and azimuth of each fixture against the design aiming diagram, correcting any deviation before sign-off.
Frangibility & Mounting Verification
Pre-EnergisationConfirm the frangible coupling, base can depth, and fixture height meet as-built tolerances before the site is finally backfilled.
Documentation & As-Built Sign-off
Final AcceptanceRecord insulation, continuity, voltage, and photometric readings alongside as-built position in the commissioning dossier for handover.
Inspection & Maintenance
Frangible Coupling Inspection
AnnualCheck the coupling for fatigue and confirm it shears freely if struck.
Impact Damage Inspection
AnnualInspect the fixture body and mounting for impact damage from ground vehicles.
Red Filter / LED Output Check
AnnualVerify light output and colour against rated values to catch filter or LED degradation.
Lens Cleaning
QuarterlyClean the lens of contamination to maintain light output.
Common Field Issues
Frangible Coupling Fatigue
Elevated stop bar fixtures rely on frangible couplings that can fatigue over time due to vibration from aircraft, vehicle traffic, and weather exposure. Regular inspection and replacement of couplings is recommended to ensure breakaway performance.
Impact Damage
Elevated fixtures are vulnerable to damage from snowploughs, ground vehicles, and aircraft wingtip strikes. Regular inspection and prompt replacement of damaged fixtures is essential for safety.
Red Filter/LED Degradation
Red light sources and filters are susceptible to UV degradation and thermal stress. Over time, output can decrease or colour can shift. Regular photometric testing and replacement of LED modules or filters is essential to maintain the distinctive red stop indication.
Troubleshooting Guide
Fixture Fails to Break Away Cleanly on Impact
Fixture Found Damaged or Displaced
Red Colour Fade or Reduced Intensity
Fixture Dark
Failure Modes & Root Causes
Frangible Coupling Fatigue
Impact Damage from Vehicles or Aircraft
Red Filter / LED Degradation
LED Module or Base Can Connection Failure
Mounting Hardware Loosening or Corrosion
Safety & Operational Notes
Series Circuit Isolation
Electrical SafetyStop bar circuits run on a constant-current series loop that can carry several kV. De-energise and lock out the CCR, then verify zero energy at the fixture before opening the housing or handling cable connectors.
Never Bypass Stop Bar Control Logic
Runway Incursion SafetyThe stop bar's relay/step-switching interface is tied to ALCMS control logic that signals whether a runway holding position may be crossed; never force a stop bar off, on, or into a manual state without ATC/airside authorisation, since an incorrect indication can lead directly to a runway incursion.
Frangibility Not to Be Defeated
MechanicalNever substitute the frangible pole or base with a rigid fitting or over-torque it during installation or repair; the mount must still shear cleanly on aircraft impact to limit damage under the frangibility requirement.
Airside Work Coordination
OperationalBecause a dark or malfunctioning stop bar removes a primary runway-incursion safeguard, obtain ATC/airside coordination and issue a NOTAM before taking any unit out of service, and keep vehicle and personnel movement clear of the holding position per the aerodrome's safety management procedures.
FOD Control at the Fixture
OperationalKeep tools, fasteners, and removed gaskets accounted for at all times when the housing is open, and secure or remove any loose material before reinstating the fixture, to prevent foreign object debris on the movement area.
Insulation Test Before Re-Energisation
Electrical SafetyAfter any cable, connector, or transformer work, megger test the affected series loop before restoring power, since a residual fault at re-energisation can trip the CCR or damage healthy fixtures on the same circuit.
PPE & Grounding
Personnel SafetyUse insulated tools and appropriate PPE when working on series-circuit connections, and confirm the fixture and frangible base are bonded/grounded per the electrical design before reconnecting the loop.
Restore to Compliant State
ComplianceDo not leave a unit dark, dim, or out of step with the row after maintenance; verify photometric output and correct control-logic response before closing out the work and cancelling the associated NOTAM.
Engineering & Expert Notes
Never Bypass Control Logic for Elevated Access Convenience
OperationalThe temptation to locally override a stop bar's control logic to speed up elevated fixture maintenance access defeats the safety function the bar exists for; any override must go through the same documented, time-limited process as for inset stop bar fixtures, with no shortcut for the elevated variant.
Elevated Mounting Adds Wind-Induced Aim Drift Risk Not Present on Inset Bars
StructuralBecause elevated stop bar fixtures sit on a pole rather than flush with the pavement, ongoing wind-induced pole movement can gradually shift aim in a way inset stop bar fixtures never experience. Include aim verification in the routine inspection cycle specifically for elevated units.
Access Equipment Needs Coordinate With Active Taxiway Use
OperationalReaching an elevated stop bar fixture for maintenance typically requires a lift positioned near an active taxiway or holding position; coordinate access equipment staging with airside operations well ahead of the work rather than treating it as a routine same-day dispatch.
Confirm the Specific Circuit Segment Before Isolating Near Interlocked Wiring
ElectricalElevated stop bar circuits often run near or share infrastructure with adjacent interlocked lighting; confirm the exact segment being isolated before starting work to avoid inadvertently de-energising or leaving live an adjacent interlocked circuit.
Frangible Rating for an Elevated Fixture Differs From the Inset Equivalent
MechanicalAn elevated stop bar fixture's pole and housing represent a different impact mass and geometry than an inset unit; confirm the frangible coupling rating specified for the elevated variant, rather than assuming it matches the inset stop bar fixture's rating.
Re-Verify the Full Interlock Sequence After Elevated Fixture Work
ComplianceAfter maintenance on an elevated stop bar fixture, re-verify the complete interlock sequence with associated clearance bars or ATC control before returning to service; a fixture that looks and lights correctly can still leave a broken control sequence behind it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Short answers about elevated stop bar fixtures: where they are used, mounting, intensity, frangibility, standards, maintenance and common faults.
Q1What is an elevated stop bar fixture?
An elevated stop bar fixture is a raised red stop bar light on a frangible pole or base plate above the pavement, marking a runway holding position. Installed in a row across the taxiway, it forms a continuous line of red lights that is a clear visual stop barrier.
Q2When is an elevated stop bar used instead of an inset one?
On grass or soft-shoulder taxiways where inset fixtures are not practical, and where elevated mounting is preferred or required. It is also used on precision runways (CAT II and III), busy airports, runway holding positions and low visibility operations.
Q3What colour and intensity is an elevated stop bar?
Red, within the ICAO Annex 14 red boundary, with at least 2,000 cd main beam intensity, unidirectional toward approaching traffic. The beam is about ±5° either side of the stop bar line so it is visible only to pilots facing it.
Q4How high is an elevated stop bar fixture mounted?
About 300–500 mm above ground, with a typical fixture diameter of 150–200 mm on an aluminium or fibreglass frangible pole. The pole height and coupling match the breakaway standards for the location.
Q5How is an elevated stop bar installed?
In a row across the full taxiway width at the runway holding position, on a line perpendicular to the taxiway centreline and spaced to match the airport's stop bar scheme so the row forms one unbroken red barrier. Each unit mounts on a pole or base plate set into the shoulder or grass strip.
Q6How is an elevated stop bar powered and controlled?
From the 6.6 A constant-current series loop through an individual 45–65 W isolating transformer per fixture. Intensity follows five steps (100%, 30%, 10%, 3% and 1% of rated peak), and the stop/proceed control is relay or step-switching compatible with the stop bar control system.
Q7What does the frangible coupling do?
It shears on impact, typically at a force of 250–450 kg, so the fixture breaks away and limits damage to an aircraft or vehicle.
Q8Which standards apply to elevated stop bar fixtures?
The main references are ICAO Annex 14, FAA AC 150/5345-46 (elevated stop bar fixtures), IEC/TS 61827 and IES LM-79 / LM-80 for LED performance and lumen maintenance. Always verify the current edition and your approved requirements.
Q9How often should an elevated stop bar fixture be maintained?
Typical intervals are quarterly for lens cleaning, and annual for frangible coupling inspection, impact damage inspection and red filter or LED output checks. Your approved maintenance programme takes precedence.
Q10Why has my elevated stop bar fixture been damaged or failed to break away?
Snowploughs, ground vehicles and aircraft wingtips can strike elevated fixtures. Inspect the fixture and mounting after any known contact, replace damaged parts and confirm correct height and alignment. Failure to break away is usually frangible coupling fatigue from vibration and weather, so replace couplings at the manufacturer's interval.
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