How do threshold and displaced threshold markings and lights work together?

By day the paint shows where landing begins, and at night the lights show the same place. When the threshold is displaced, both move to the new position, and the pavement behind them is marked and lit as not for landing.

A · STANDARD THRESHOLD · PLAN VIEW, APPROACH FROM THE LEFT 09 THRESHOLD LIGHTS · GREEN BAR ACROSS THE RUNWAY, WING BARS BESIDE IT THRESHOLD MARKING · WHITE STRIPES, SYMMETRIC ABOUT THE CENTRELINE RUNWAY NUMBER FOLLOWS THE STRIPES · LANDING BEGINS AT THE THRESHOLD B · DISPLACED THRESHOLD · SAME RUNWAY, LANDING BEGINS FARTHER ALONG DISPLACED AREA · NOT FOR LANDING 09 GREEN BAR AND WING BARS AT THE DISPLACED POSITION THRESHOLD BAR + STRIPES · WHITE LANDING BEGINS HERE RED EDGE LIGHTS · FROM THE APPROACH CENTRELINE ARROWS · LEAD TO THE BAR Runway end lights stay at the physical runway end. Approach lights, PAPI and TDZ lights follow the displaced threshold. SAME PLACE · PAINT + LIGHTS LANDING BEGINS HERE NOT FOR LANDING LANDING BEGINS HERE
threshold marking, bar and arrows
green threshold and wing bar lights
red edge lights, displaced area
white edge lights
The Fact ICAO Annex 14 · Chapter 5 · FAA AC 150/5340

The threshold is the start of the part of the runway available for landing. It is shown twice, at the same place: as paint for daylight and as lights for night and low visibility. A displaced threshold keeps that pairing and simply moves it down the runway.

1The standard threshold

The marking is a set of white longitudinal stripes, placed symmetrically about the centreline just inside the runway start, with the runway number after them. The number of stripes depends on the runway width. The lights are a row of green lights across the full width of the runway at the threshold, and, where wing bars are provided, a wing bar of green lights on each side in line with it. Wing bars add conspicuity and are not fitted on every runway. Both marking and lights give the same position.

2The displaced threshold: the marking

A white transverse bar across the runway marks the displaced position, added in front of the normal threshold stripes with the runway number after them, and white arrows along the centreline in the area before it point toward the bar. The arrows are the daylight warning: the pavement behind them is there, but a pilot on approach must not land on it. This is the ICAO arrangement; other authorities, such as the FAA, may mark a displaced threshold with the bar and arrows only.

3The displaced threshold: the lights

The green threshold lights and wing bars move to the displaced position. The runway edge lights in the displaced area show red to the approach and white the other way. The pilot reads red edge lights, then green where landing begins, so the lights say what the arrows say.

4What moves and what stays

Everything set out from the landing threshold follows it: the approach lights, the PAPI and the touchdown zone lights. The runway end lights stay at the physical end of the runway. The displaced area is normally still usable for taxiing, take-off and the roll-out of aircraft landing from the opposite direction, and the landing distance available is shorter by the displacement.

5Keeping the two in step

The paint and the lights are set out from the same survey point. After resurfacing, repainting, a change of displacement or temporary works, they are checked against each other. A bar marked at one position and green lights at another would give a pilot two different thresholds, which is a defect to fix.

FeatureStandard thresholdDisplaced threshold
MarkingWhite longitudinal stripes, then the runway numberWhite transverse bar and threshold stripes at the displaced position, arrows on the centreline before it
Threshold lightsGreen, across the runway at the thresholdGreen, across the runway at the displaced position
Wing barsGreen, each side of the thresholdGreen, each side of the displaced position
Edge lights before the thresholdNot applicableRed to the approach, white the other way
Approach lights, PAPI, TDZ lightsSet out from the thresholdSet out from the displaced threshold
Runway end lightsAt the runway endStay at the physical runway end
Landing beginsAt the thresholdAt the displaced threshold
Marking dimensions, stripe counts, light positions, spacings and the colours shown to each direction are set in ICAO Annex 14 Chapter 5 and in other authorities' standards such as the FAA, and they differ for permanent and temporary displacements and with runway type. The diagram is a schematic and is not to scale, so confirm the details, and the declared distances, against your design standard and the approved design for your aerodrome.
Entry 39 · Holding position markings, signs and lights Entry 41 · Marking and light visibility at night and in low visibility

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1Why does the threshold have both a marking and lights?

They say the same thing in two forms. The paint is read by day and the lights by night and in low visibility, and both are set out from the same survey point so they agree on where landing begins. If one is worn, hidden or switched off, the other still shows the threshold.

Q2How do I recognise a displaced threshold by day?

By a white transverse bar across the runway at the displaced position, with the threshold stripes after it, and white arrows along the centreline in the area before it. The arrows lead toward the bar, so the paint itself tells a pilot that landing begins farther along.

Q3What do the lights show at a displaced threshold?

To a pilot on approach, the runway edge lights in the displaced area show red, and the threshold lights across the runway at the displaced position show green, with wing bars beside them. The pilot reads the sequence directly: red, then green where landing begins.

Q4Can aircraft use the pavement before a displaced threshold?

Normally it can be used for taxiing, take-off, and the landing roll-out of aircraft arriving from the opposite direction, but not for landing on the approach side. Whether it can be used, and for what, is published with the declared distances, and it can be closed to some uses.

Q5Do the approach lights and PAPI move with a displaced threshold?

Yes. Everything set out from the landing threshold follows it: the approach lighting, the visual approach slope indicator and the touchdown zone lights. The runway end lights do not move and stay at the physical end of the runway.

Q6Are the markings and lights always checked together?

They should be. After resurfacing, repainting, a change of displacement or temporary works, the paint and the lights are checked against each other so that both show the same threshold. A mismatch, such as a green bar at one position and a marking at another, is a defect to fix.

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